饮食失调
We all worry about food sometimes, overeat or skip a meal. For some people, these concerns can lead to extreme behaviors around food, exercise and body weight. Eating disorders are a common mental health concern for college students. Many people struggling with an eating disorder are hesitant to reach out for help, 导致长期的健康问题.
Eating disorders are extreme expressions of a range of weight and food issues experienced by both men and women. They include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and compulsive overeating. There are other forms of disordered eating, ranging from compulsive over-exercise to orthorexia. For students on campus, treatment options are available for those seeking help with eating disorders. Additional information about the specific types of eating disorders and how to help a friend are included below.
资源
- 咨询和心理健康中心(CMHC) | 208-885-6716
- 格里特曼医学临床营养咨询 | 208-883-6341
- 学习心理学学生饮食失调意识指南
- CMHC自助资源:进食障碍(PDF)
常见问题
If you and others have observed behaviors in your friend or roommate that are suggestive of an eating disorder, 你有能力提供帮助.
- Make a plan to approach the person in a private place when there is no immediate stress and time to talk.
- Present what you have observed and what your concerns are in a caring but straightforward way. 告诉他或她你很担心，想帮忙. Friends who are too angry with the person to talk supportively should not be a part of this discussion.
- 给 the person time to talk and encourage them to express their feelings. Ask clarifying questions, listen carefully and accept what is said in a non-judgmental manner.
- 不要争论是否有问题. 权力斗争是没有帮助的. 也许你会说, “我听见你说的话了, 我希望你是对的，这不是问题. I am still very worried about what I have seen and heard, and that is not going to go away."
- 提供有关治疗资源的信息. Offer to go with the person and wait while they have their first appointment with a counselor, 医生或营养师. Ask them to consider going for one appointment before they make a decision about ongoing treatment.
- If you are concerned the eating disorder is severe or life-threatening, 寻求医生的帮助, 治疗师, 咨询中心, 相对, 在你介入之前是这个人的朋友或室友. 与他人站在一个团结互助的阵线上.
- 如果这个人否认这个问题, 变得愤怒或拒绝治疗, 明白这往往是疾病的一部分. Besides, they have a right to refuse treatment unless their life is in danger. 你可能会对他们感到无助、愤怒和沮丧. 你可能会说, “我知道你可以拒绝寻求帮助, but that will not stop me from worrying about you or caring about you. I may bring this up again to you later, and maybe we can talk more about it then." Follow through on that and on any other promises you make.
- Do not be a hero or a rescuer, you will probably be resented. If you do the best you can to help on several occasions and the person does not accept it, stop. Remind yourself you have done all that is reasonable to do.
- 饮食失调通常不是紧急情况. But if the person is suicidal or otherwise in serious danger, seek professional help immediately.
The above material was adapted from material produced by Dr. Herrin,博士. 鱼人，饮食失调和预防公司.
请注意, a sufferer does not need to appear underweight or even of average weight to suffer from any of these signs and symptoms. Many men and women with eating disorders do not appear to be underweight.
- Dramatic weight loss in a 相对ly short period of time
- Wearing big or baggy clothes or dressing in layers to hide body shape and/or weight loss
- Obsession with weight and complaining of weight problems even if they are of average weight or thin
- 痴迷于食物的卡路里和脂肪含量
- 痴迷于持续运动
- Frequent trips to the bathroom immediately following meals and sometimes accompanied with water running in the bathroom for a long period of time to hide the sound of vomiting
- 明显的食物限制和自我饥饿
- 可见的暴饮暴食和/或净化
- Use or hiding use of diet pills, laxatives, ipecac syrup — which can be lethal — or enemas
- 孤独，害怕和别人一起吃饭
- 不寻常的食物仪式, such as shifting the food around on the plate to look eaten, 把食物切成小块, 确保叉子不会碰到嘴唇, 用牙齿把叉子或勺子上的食物咬掉, 咀嚼食物并吐出来, 把食物放在餐巾上，然后扔掉
- 把食物藏在奇怪的地方(壁橱), 橱柜, suitcases or under the bed) to avoid eating (Anorexia) or to eat at a later time (Bulimia).
- Flushing uneaten food down the toilet, which can cause sewage problems
- 模糊或神秘的饮食习惯.
- Keeping a "food diary" or lists that consists of food and/or behaviors (i.e., purging, restricting, calories consumed, exercise, etc.)
- 满脑子都是食物、体重和烹饪
- 访问ing websites that promote unhealthy ways to lost weight
- 阅读有关减肥和饮食失调的书籍
- 在吃完食物后说些自我挫败的话
- 脱发和皮肤苍白或“灰白”外观
- 头晕和头痛
- 经常喉咙痛和/或腺体肿胀
- 低自尊, feeling worthless and often putting themselves down and complaining of being "too stupid" or "too fat."
- 需要他人的接受和认可
- 抱怨经常感到寒冷
- 低血压
- 月经周期缩短
- 便秘或尿失禁
- 指关节擦伤或结茧
- 眼睛充血或出血
- 眼睛下面和脸颊上有轻微瘀伤
- 完美主义
- 性欲丧失或滥交
- 情绪波动
- 抑郁症
- 乏力
- 失眠和不良的睡眠习惯
请注意, a sufferer does not need to appear underweight or even of average weight to suffer from any of these signs and symptoms. Many men and women with eating disorders do not appear to be underweight.
- Fear of not being able to control eating, and while eating, not being able to stop
- 孤独，害怕和别人一起吃饭
- 长期按照各种流行的饮食计划节食
- Holding the belief that life will be better if they can lose weight
- 把食物藏在奇怪的地方(壁橱), 橱柜, 手提箱和床底下)，以便以后吃
- 模糊或神秘的饮食习惯
- 在吃完食物后说些自我挫败的话
- Blames failure in social and professional community on weight
- 坚信食物是他们唯一的朋友
- Frequently out of breath after 相对ly light activities
- 出汗过多，呼吸急促
- 高血压和/或胆固醇
- 腿部和关节疼痛
- 体重增加
- 由于体重增加导致活动能力下降
- 性欲丧失或滥交
- 情绪波动、抑郁和疲劳
- 失眠和不良的睡眠习惯